French Garden Design and Style

Horticulture, in simplest terms, is the cultivation of a garden. The word itself comes from Latin in two parts: Hortus, meaning garden, and cultura, meaning cultivation. Garden cultivation is considered a form of art and, like all art forms, it has different styles.

The traditional French garden style was first developed during the Baroque and Rococo periods of the 17th and 18th centuries. The gardens of the era were majestic exhibitions of power and riches constructed by royalty and aristocrats for the purpose of impressing guests. Inspired in part by ancient classical gardens, traditional French garden style is formal. The garden design is geometric, organized and disciplined, and the gardens are almost always laid out on level ground. The terraces that are often a feature of such gardens are artificially created, and elaborately designed stairs are included to link one terrace to another. Because of the largely flat topography, traditional French gardens use large sheets of water for their reflective qualities or as impressive, artificial fountain displays. Below is a list of the main attributes of traditional French formal garden design.

* Yards are contained of square frames and constantly shuddered by neat, squared bushes

* Flowerbeds are also geometrical in shape rectangular, oval or circular.

* Parterres are an important feature of formal French gardens. These are vast elaborate geometric patterns created on the ground using colored dirt, stones and gravel or colored flowers. Parterres are often lined with boxwood, lavender, or rosemary. Parterres de broderies or rather, embroidery parterres, are magnificently elaborate. Visitors can view parterres from garden terraces.

* Water features are mostly canals and large, flat pools. Most of these water fountains have engines to operate them.

* Allees, meaning axes or rides, is the term used for the garden walks or pathways, bordered by trees or neatly clipped hedges that provided the framework of the French garden style. A fountain or accenting garden ornament of some kind is the usual destination of such straight pathways.

* French Garden Ornaments: In French garden designs, you will find a lot of statues, columns, trellises, sundials, birdbaths and more. Symmetrical placement occurs with these objects.

*Vegetation: Planting designs are most often created according to color. French gardens predominantly use pastel colors with a touches of yellow, red or orange and some lilac and blue. Ideally, gardeners should choose plants that bloom all year round.

* Primarily French in origin, and available as an optional feature, Orangerie is a large glass-enclosed room in the garden where you'll find lemon, lime, and orange trees blooming during the cold winter months.

Most of the time Herb Gardens will be in French Gardens. The French garden style is well-planned and organized, providing different locations for various gardens types such as fruit, rose or herb. Large Herb Gardens are other features that cover more than just pathces in the garden. Paving is used in a specific pattern a chessboard pattern or a circular pattern, laid out like the spokes of a wheel. Seats are often placed in the center or in a corner of herb gardens. Some of the more common French herbs are lavender, rosemary, sage, marjoram, thyme and sweet bay.

A famous example of the traditional French formal garden style described above is the Versailles Gardens located just outside Paris. King Louis IV hired landscape architect André Le Nôtre to create the Versailles Gardens, in 1661. These gardens occupy an area of 800 hectares, very roughly about 400 acres, on the west side of the Chateau de Versailles. The gardens have meticulously manicured lawns, parterres of blooming flowers, and dozens of valuable statues and sculptures. The most impressive feature of the gardens, however are its 1,400 fountains. An enormous system of pumps and reservoirs, including fourteen water wheels, was built to bring the waters of the Seine River up to the garden. Still, there was never enough water to run all the fountains at once. As King Louis IV approached the fountains would be turned on one by one. Today, they are only operated on Sundays.

If you aren’t planning a visit to France, you can still get an idea of the traditional formal French garden style by visiting the Conservatory Garden in the northern sector of New York City’s Central Park.

Despite the fact that traditional and formal gardening styles of France influenced the designs of gardens around the world, not all French gardens are traditional. France has many less formal gardens, including the Giverney garden overflowing with blooming flowers as shown in Monet's beautiful paintings.
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